HIV Transmission and Gender. HIV 전염: 성별. HIV感染経路と性別. 艾滋病毒(HIV)的傳染與性別.

The risk of HIV transmission during sex from infected men to susceptible women is much greater than transmission from infected females to susceptible males. According to studies conducted by Spectrum Health, the odds of HIV transmission during vaginal sex from infected males to susceptible females is 10 out of 10,000 while the odds of transmission from infected females to susceptible males is about 5 out of 10,000. The risk of transmission is even higher when a susceptible woman engages in anal intercourse with an infected male.

According to the Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange (CATIE), the higher susceptibility of HIV infection by women is because of the larger surface area of the vagina and cervix where transmission can occur in comparison to the smaller surface area of the penis. In addition, women are exposed to greater amount of seminal fluid particularly upon ejaculation. Thus, since seminal fluids provide the medium for transmission of HIV, a greater quantitative exposure elicits a greater risk of infection.

In addition, when oral sex is performed between two males, the rate of HIV transmission when an infected male receives oral sex from a susceptible male is two times greater than the odds of HIV transmission when a susceptible male receives oral sex from an infected male.

HIV 전염된 여성과 건강한 남성이 성관계를 갖는 것 보다, 전염된 남성과 건강한 여성이 성관계를 갖는게 HIV전염 확률이 매우 더 높은것으로 알려저 있습니다. 또한, Spectrum Health를 따르면, HIV전염된 남성과 건강한 여성이 성관계를 갖는경우 HIV전염확률이 10대10,000이지만HIV 전염된 여성과 건강한 남성이 성관계를 갖는경우 전염확률이 5대 10,000 입니다. 만약 여성분이 항문 성교를 갖는경우 HIV 전염확률이 더 높아집니다.

Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange (CATIE) 를 따르면, 여성의 질과 자궁 경관이 남성의 명 보다 곡면적이 더 큰이유로, 여성 HIV 전염확률이 더 높다고 밝혔습니다. 그리고, 여성은 남성과 성관계를 갖는동안 더 만은 정액 액체를 흡수합니다. 그런이유로, 여성 HIV 전염확률이 더 높아집나다.

또한, 동성애자인 두 남성이 구강 성교를 갖는 경우 건강한 남성이 구강 성교를 주는것 보다HIV전염된 남성이 주는게 HIV 전염확률이 두배나 더 높습니다.

性交渉によるHIV感染は、HIV保持者の男性から非保持者の女性へ感染する確率が、HIV保持者の女性から非保持者の男性にそれと比べ、非常に高いです。Spectrum Healthによって行われた調査によるとHIV保持者の男性から非保持者の女性への感染率は10,000分の10、HIV保持者の女性から非保持者の男性への場合は10,000分の5になっています。HIV保持者の男性とのアナルセックスは女性への感染の危険性をますます高めているようです。

Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange (CATIE)によると、女性によるHIV感染の危険性が高いのは女性の陰部の表面積が比較的広いのに対し、男子の陰部の表面積が少ないことと、女性は男性の射精後にHIVに感染している精液にさらされるので感染の危険性が高いと考えられています。

補足ですが、男同士でのオーラルセックスの場合、無菌者から非保持者へオーラル行為するほうが、保持者から非保持者にするより2倍もHIVにかかる確率が高いです。

在性交時，女方被已有艾滋病病毒的男方傳染的风险要比男方被已有艾滋病病毒的女方傳染的风险要大一些。 根據Spectrum研究，在無保險套的情況下陰交，如果男方體內有病毒，那女方會被染上的機會 是一萬分之十，但男方被染上的機會是萬分之五。而在肛交時，被傳染的機會則更高。

根據加拿大艾滋病治療信息交换組織(CATIE)解釋， 女方在陰交時的風險之所以大一些是因為陰道和子宮的易受影響的表面比陰莖易受影響處大一些。再來，女方也更容易接觸到相比較多的精液。 因為精液里含有艾滋病毒， 所以接觸到精液越多那風險也就越大。

另外，如果兩位男性彼此口交，如果已有病毒的男士接受口交，病毒傳輸的機會比無病毒的男士接受口交的情況下要高兩倍。

Source: http://www.spectrum-health.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=83&Itemid=200 and http://www.catie.ca/